â Cyclamen
Genus Cyclamen L. (1753).WFO HP:FE CHW
Period English: cyclamen.
Period French: cyclamen m. BD (an older spelling is ciclamen, via FDE); pain-de-pourceau m. ('hogs'-bread'). BD
German: Alpenveichen n.; A&S Erdapfel m. ('earth-apple', also used for potato, et cetera). A&S
Sentiments:
🏶︎ Diffidence ▲︎◆︎ (1825-1884); HP:FE TTA CHW TM FSO LH S&K HGA:OT HGA:LPF GAL JS* KG
Resignation ▲︎ (1834); O&B
Region:
Native: Northern Africa (Somalia, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia), Asia-Temperate (North and Transcaucasus, Cyprus, the East Aegean Islands, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey), and continental Europe (Krym, South European Russia, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Yugoslavia, Baleares, Corse, France, Sardegna, Spain).WFO
Introduced: Europe (Ukraine, Belgium, Great Britain, Ireland, Romania) and Oregon, USA.WFO
Seasonality: Perennial flowering mid-summer.
Period Colours: TBC.
Calendar:
🏶︎ 16 February - In Fabre d'Ăglantine's 1793 rural emblem annex to the French Republican calendar, Ciclamen is the emblem of 28 PluviĂŽse (16 February).
Heraldry: TBC.
Cultural and Religious:
🏶︎ Saint Romuald: An Italian saint, c.951-1027, with feast day 7 February in the Eastern Orthodox Church and 19 June in the Catholic Church. Henry Phillips mentions that 'the church has dedicated this flower to St. Romuald' and Waterman copies him; however I can't find any citations of this outside flower books. The fraudulent flowers and saints calendar (see Dr Brent Elliott's incredible 'The Forging of a Floral Folklore' (PDF) in Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library Vol.10 April 2013 for one of the best write-ups on the subject of floriography as a whole and specifically of this calendar) puts 'Cyclamen, round-leaved' on 7 February alongside St Romuald, but it would seem odd that Phillips references this entry and very few others in his work. Besides, most cyclamen flower in spring or summer (although I know there is one winter-flowering in cultivation); what would be the point of assigning them to a winter feast day when no such flowers could be obtained?
Cited Species:
🏶︎ Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. (1768) (subsp. purpurascens),WFO European cyclamen
= Cyclamen europaeum L. (1753) BD (Period Fr. cyclamen d'Europe m. BD).
Cited Verse: TBC.
đ± On sentiments: Modestly hidden in the leaf-litter, the beautiful, bowing flowers of the wild cyclamen suggest diffidence to our authors.
There are several species of cyclamen wild in Europe, and introduced to Britain, but they appear to have largely escaped horticulture in the time. These days, it's C. coum (Eastern cyclamen or sow's-bread) and C. hederifolium (ivy-leaved cyclamen) that prolifigate in the woodland, and I confess to be particularly fond of their little, fairy-like flowers. I have grown the latter and found them so strange and charming, with their pig-tail spiral tendrils and tiny pink flowers. They grow well under established deciduous trees, are frost-hardy, and easy to propagate. I recommend them.
These wild cyclamen are far-flung from the cyclamen of contemporary horticulture, however - I was lucky to get one in a wild form from a rare plant nursery in the Macedon Ranges. The cyclamen of nurseries are Cyclamen persicum, florist's cyclamen, a frost-tender plant with much larger flowers. Wikipedia mentions its cultivation in England dates to the 1860s, although it has a longer history in France, but I note this for our historical writers with bouquets on their minds - that is, a cyclamen flower of the first half of the century in Britain would only be suitable for the smallest nosegay, not a full bouquet.
Abécédaire de Flore
◼︎ B. DelachĂ©naye, 1811
NOMS DES FLEURS
substituées aux syllabes formées de plusieurs lettres.
NOM DES FLEURS. | MOTS ANALOGUES. |
45. cyclamen. | amen, hymen. |
(24)
45. Du cyclamen.
Quoique la terminaison en ne prĂ©sente pas l'e muet dans cyclamen, elle ne sonne pas moins comme sâil y en avait un, ainsi que le mot latin amen; et non seulement on lâemploiera dans le mot hymen, qui se prononce comme amen, mais encore dans tous les mots, dont le son final est celui de l'e muet, comme dans promĂšne, oĂč l'Ăš qui prĂ©cĂšde la derniĂšre syllabe doit ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme un Ăš ouvert, ainsi que dans ennemi, Ă©trenne, quâon prononce comme sâil y avait Ăšnemi, Ă©trĂšne.
(48)
DESCRIPTION DES PLANTES
DE LâABĂCĂDAIRE DE FLORE.
QUATRIĂME PLANCHE.
45. Cyclamen d'Europe, Cyclamen EuropĂŠum, Lin. Une touffe basse, mais trĂšs Ă©tendue et formĂ©e par une multitude de feuilles en cĆur, dâun vert foncĂ© dans leur centre et bordĂ©es de panachures blanches et symĂ©triques, aurait Ă©tĂ© une recommandation suffisante pour faire accueillir cette plante dans les jardins; mais Ă cet avantage de toute lâannĂ©e elle joint encore celui de donner dâabord au printems, et encore une seconde fois en automne, un grand nombre de fleurs agrĂ©ables ,renversĂ©es, trĂšs singuliĂšres, blanches ou rosĂ©es.
Elles durent long-tems; et lors-qu'elles sont passĂ©es, leur pĂ©dicule ou queue se tourne en spirale, et va porter en terre ses graines, qui y mĂ»rissent et font de nouvelles plantes. Câest de cette disposition quâont les tiges florales de se rouler en cercles concentriques quâa Ă©tĂ© donnĂ© le nom de Cyclamen Ă cette plante, appelĂ©e encore Pain-de-pourceau, parceque cet animal en recherche avec aviditĂ© la racine, qui est grosse et charnue.
Elle croßt naturellement dans les bois ombragés du midi de la France, et vient trÚs bien dans nos jardins, en lui donnant une exposition ombragée et une terre légÚre et fraßche.
(96-97)
Paragraphing added.